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Reform and Development
The traumatic urban-industrial experience
eventually set in motion a movement of social reform, however,
in which Luddites and Chartists, friendly societies and co-operative groups, trade unions and reformers, industrial
paternalism and the new municipal authorities all helped to remove
the worst excesses of unfettered industrialism. Model villages and co-operative 'club' houses emerged alongside some of the more squalid mill
terraces and overcrowded cellar dwellings, whilst the emerging
civic pride came to be expressed in an increasing range of public
buildings and amenities.
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